##The first computers were human.

#Abstraction

[Handmade computer](http://taeyoonchoi.com/handmade-computer) 2013~

Mechanical

Charles Babbage’s mechanical computers made with gears and shafts. 1820~1830s.

Analog

Vannevar Bush's differential analysers made with wheel and disc mechanisms. 1928–1931.

Electronic

Claude Shannon's “A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits.” 1937.

Transistors

Researchers at the Bell Telephone Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey,1947.

Integrated Circuits.

Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, 1957.

February, 1943

Bell labs, NYC
Alan Turing and Claude Shannon

"Technology works toward certain forms of art."
*Walter Benjamin, Work in the age of mechanical reproduction.*

Futurists & Fascism
New media artists & Technocracy